Morality Is Objective Moral Theory - 962 Words

Observations I accept both observations given. P1: Morality is Objective. I demonstrated in my opening argument that Utilitarianism operates under the premise that morality is objective. This means it is not based on personal preference or belief. I even provided a source to affirm this fact of objectivity. (1) Famous’ first contention is that normative ethics are subjective and thus cannot be used to affirm objectivity. This is entirely untrue. It is worth noting that he provides no source to back this claim up. Likely because no such sources exists. Normative ethics â€Å"rest on principles that determine whether an action is right or wrong.† (2) Utilitarianism is an objective moral theory. The second contention raised against this premise was that I have not provided a clear framework. I am beginning to wonder if famous really read my arguments. I provided a clear framework of what morality is i.e. the greatest happiness principle. I am not sure what my opponent finds unclear as he did not offer any indication or detail to this contention. To be thorough I will expound the happiness principle. John Stuart Mill in his book â€Å"Utilitarianism† explained it like this. â€Å"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness,Show MoreRelatedA World Without Morality By Sezlyn Petersen Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesA World without Morality by Sezlyn Petersen In this paper, I will discuss Error Theory Nihilism and it’s relation to Moral Abolitionism. According to Richard T. Garner, the world would be a better place if we abolished morality by eradicating all objective moral truths. This means that the morals and values I’ve heard all throughout my life would become non-existent, and suggests that people should live their life without identifying things as right and wrong. However, this way of thinking isRead MoreDivine Command Theory Case Study1003 Words   |  5 Pages1. What is divine command theory? What is the Euthypro problem with divine command theory? Does it prove divine command theory false? Why? Divine command theory talks about morality that comes from God, Morality and God’s will are the same thing. This basically means that God has created right and wrong, and without God, there would be no such thing as right and wrong. So for example, murder is wrong because God does not like it; an action is right if and only if God commands it, or God likes itRead MoreThe Necessity For Objective Morality1600 Words   |  7 PagesMorality is a key component to every day life, and due to its large impact on the world, it is often a major topic of discussion and argument. Some people may infer that morality is nothing more than an individual concept, while others, like me, believe it cannot be altered for personal benefit. Accordingly, in this paper I will argue the necessity for objective morality, and furthermore, how if it happened to be objective, the world would be chaotic. While I understand that there are various situationsRead MoreMoral Judgements And Moral Values Essay13 72 Words   |  6 PagesObjective moral values obtain the idea that a certain system of ethics or even a set of moral judgements is not just true according to a person’s subjective opinion, but proves factually true. They are qualities like love or kindness which are morally good independent of the belief of human beings. The other side of the equation refers to subjective moral values which means that values are whatever we as humans choose to pursue and whatever we desire. Now, whether morality is an objective propertyRead MoreEthical Approaches Critique Paper1118 Words   |  5 PagesDamon’s Four Dimensions of Business Morality, and Hill’s (2008) Christian Ethic for Business. Also, this paper critiques each of them through analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of approaches. Finally, the most favor approach is provided at the end. The Grand Principles which are called the prescriptive approach are provided by some philosophers such as Kant and Aristotle. The Grand Principles include Consequentialist Theories, Deontological Theories, and Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics. FirstlyRead MoreCultural Relativism And Its Impact On Society1437 Words   |  6 Pagescultures, is used as a scientific tool to help anthropologists be objective when studying other cultures. Cultural Relativism is the belief that morality, or the way we ought to live, is solely a matter of cultural perspective and we ought not to judge other people based on their societies customs and beliefs. This moral theory is very attractive because it simplifies the ideas of what is right and wrong: it suggests that morality exists, yet differs from culture to culture, and many of people sRead MoreKant: Moral Theories1002 Words   |  5 PagesKants moral theory According to Timmons, the field of philosophy is not complete without the mention of Kant whose contributions were major (205). This, he adds, was influenced by his originality, subtle approach and the difficulty of his works. Timmons cites that moral requirements are a requirement of reason, which is the ideology of Kant’s Moral theory; hence, immoral act is an act against reason. Consequently, speaking on the terminologies of Kant we visualize moral requirements as CategoricalRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Morality889 Words   |  4 Pages Morality in philosophy pursues to obtain a standardized understanding of the nature and what it expects from us. Philosopher, Socrates defines morality â€Å"how we ought to live† and the motives behind these systematic understandings(Rachels 1). The two basic principles of morality are impartiality and reason. Moral judgments must be supported by legitimate reasons and requires the impartial thought of each individual’s interest. Reason and impartially form the minimum conception of morality. EachRead MoreThe Moral Argument1723 Words   |  7 PagesTHE MORAL ARGUMENT How do we explain the fact that people often refrain from immoral acts even when there is no risk of their being caught? There are many formulations of the moral argument but they all have as their starting point the phenomenon (fact) of moral conscience. In essence the moral argument poses the question: where does our conscience, our sense of morality come from if not from God? It also asserts that if we accept the existence of objective moral laws we must accept the existenceRead MoreLiving Morally Is Important And Essential To Enacting Moral1245 Words   |  5 Pagesessential to enacting moral decisions in every facet of life. Immanuel Kant created three maxims that emphasize stringent moral duties that every human must adhere to in order to be as morally perfect as possible. Conversely, Susan Wolf argues that morality is fundamentally achieved through a unification in rational and flexible moderation. Wolf further exclaims that being too moral would diminish other qualities necessary to lead a full moral life. Following absolute moral duties or a â€Å"code,† may

Ashley Pondâ€Biography of a Murder Victim

Ashley Marie Pond was a preteen from a broken family when she began spending time at the home of a school friend in Oregon City, Oregon. She became close enough to the family that she accompanied her friend, the friends father Ward Weaver, and Weavers girlfriend on a two-week summer vacation to California in 2001. Six months after the trip, Ashley disappeared after leaving her mothers home for the school bus. Her body was found the following August in a barrel behind the home Weaver was renting. Two years later, Weaver pleaded guilty to her murder, among other charges. Childhood Ashley was born on March 1, 1989. Her mother Lori Davis was barely 16 at the time, almost a child herself. For the first few years of Ashleys life, she lived with her mother and her mothers high school sweetheart David Pond. Eventually, the two married and Ashley viewed David as her father. Ashley was described as a well-behaved, easy child who could entertain herself and adored being hugged. She seemed to live a fairly normal life for a child of parents so young. But when Ashley was 9 or 10, her mother divorced David Pond, and Ashleys world changed forever. Biological Father During the divorce, the couple fought about child-support payments, and a  paternity test was administered to determine if David Pond was Ashleys biological father. To Ashley’s devastation, the test found that he wasnt; a man named Wesley Roettger was her biological father. She began to stay with Roettger on weekends. During this time, friends and family noticed she was growing sullen and confrontational. She began to resist visiting her father, eventually telling her mother that Roettger had been sexually abusing her. In January 2001, Roettger was indicted on 40 counts of raping and sexually abusing Ashley, but eight months later most counts were dropped. He pleaded no contest to one charge and was released on probation. Ward Weaver During the following months, police were called to Lori Ponds apartment for various reasons, including an allegation that Pond was drunk and neglecting the children. By April 2001, Ashley was spending a lot of time at the house of a friend, the daughter of Ward Weaver. In early spring, Linda Virden, Ashleys reading teacher, reported to Gaffney Lane Elementary principal Chris Mills that she saw Weaver kiss Ashley on the lips. According to the Portland Tribune, Ashley spent most of the first half of 2001 with the Weaver family, even joining Weaver, his girlfriend, and Weavers daughter  that summer on a two-week vacation to California. Calls to the police about disturbances at Ponds home continued over the next few months. In early August, Ashley confided to Virden that Weaver was molesting her and threatened to testify against her in her fathers rape trial. In April she had accused two other men of molesting her  but recanted her statements and did not pursue charges. Once the accusations were made, she stopped going to Weavers house and felt ostracized by Weaver, Weavers daughter, and the daughters friends. Due to the sloppy handling of paperwork by county officials regarding Ashleys accusation, Weaver wasnt investigated or charged with sexually abusing Ashley at that time. Throughout the following fall, Ashleys life seemed to settle down. Her grades were improving and she was fighting less with her mother. Some of her bubbly personality seemed to return. As Christmas approached, it appeared that Ashley and the Weavers had partially renewed their friendship. Disappearance According to the Portland Tribune, on Jan. 9, 2002, Lori Pond heard Ashley say goodbye around 8:15 a.m. as she headed out to catch her school bus at a stop near Weaver’s home. What happened to Ashley after that time is unknown. What is known is that at some point before she died, the 12-year-old had consumed as much as five shots of whiskey. On the weekend of Aug. 24-25, Ashleys body was found inside a barrel buried in the backyard of Weavers rental home. A concrete slab had been poured over the hole. According to Weavers son, Francis Weaver, his father confessed to him that he had killed Ashley, although the details of the confession changed from time to time. On Oct. 4, 2002, Weaver was indicted for the murder of Ashley and on 16 other counts including sex abuse, attempted rape, aggravated murder, and abuse of a corpse. He pleaded not guilty to all charges. On Sept. 22, 2004, Weaver pleaded guilty to killing two of his daughters friends and hiding their bodies on his property. He received two life sentences for the deaths of Ashley Pond and ​Miranda Gaddis. As of September 2019, Weaver was serving at the Two Rivers Correctional Institution in Umatilla, Oregon.

Article Review On A Good Used Car Just From The Ad

How To Spot A Good Used Car Just From The Ad By Steve Goodale | Submitted On November 28, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Steve Goodale When you buy a used car it can be a frustrating experience with many people feeling helpless and frustrated with no clear direction to go in. Buying a used car in a private sale will take a great deal of time but by reading into the content of the used car ad you can get a good idea as to the mentality of the seller and potentially the condition of the car as well. Ads that are very descriptive, including pictures, and detail the vitals about the car, its previous history, as well as the past and current mechanical condition are best. By providing detailed information about the car you are more easily able to determine if the car is a potential candidate for a good deal and worth taking the time to arrange an in person inspection with the seller. You could literally spend a lifetime looking at overpriced and unreliable cars when searching for a good deal. Identify sellers who are serious about selling their used car. A descriptive and detailed ad will tell you that this car owner is serious about selling the car andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Environment Of Business Has Changed Than Few Years Back Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesToday the IT marketing environment of business has changed than few years back. Where there was only one functional website of the company was used in order to generate leads. . Food Group International is one these businesses who benefited from the use of a functional website. This website was like a personal office for the company which was opened 24 hours in 365 days in a year. It was an ideal way to showcase the mission of IFG for end users. In those days, customers were more likely to expectRead MoreCreating A Marketing Plan For Mba Capstone1386 Words   |  6 Pagesto promote foods with different flavor as consumers continue to demand good tasting foods. Touch is just another sense that classic marketing exercises to promote products such as mobile smart phones, small electronic devices, and others such as good grips kitchen utensils. Another tool for marketers is subliminal advertising. It is a signal or a message that is designated to pass under the radar of one’s perception and is used to influence the public to compel an action (3). Mere exposure uses aRead More2016 Digital Reports For Your Records And Review Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesGood afternoon gentlemen, I hope your day is going well so far! In the below link you will find the November 2016 Digital Reports for your records and review: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/xvjp8z10ovrx2sy/AAAAclVqYSD7ypxNG4C9Z93Ua?dl=0 Monthly Notes Below are the November at-a-glance† stats that you will find in the attached reports: Store Conversion Rate Bounce Rate Average Pages Viewed Time On Site Impression Share Search Click-Through Rate Fowler Century Chevrolet 5.03% 33.85% 4.90 4:05 54Read MoreThe Day That Wal-Mart Dropped the Smiley Face4464 Words   |  18 Pagesspends close to a half billion dollars on advertising, so the company’s decision in the first month of 2005 to run full-page ads in more than 100 newspapers was not really surprising. What was surprising was the copy in those ads, which said nothing about low-priced toasters or new music CDs. Instead, the ads featured a photo of workers in their blue Wal-Mart smocks and a letter from Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott. Scott’s letter was blunt and to the point: â€Å"When special interest groups and critics spread misinformationRead More The New Yorker Magazine Essay2943 Words   |  12 Pages†¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;July, 1966 – The cover of the July 2nd, 1966 edition of The New Yorker includes artwork by Michael Getz. Displaying a show of patriotism, Getz uses the entire portion of the cover to present an illustration of an American flag hanging from the front of a typical upper-middle class designed home. However, other than the title of the magazine and the drawing itself, the only other printed words contained on the cover are the date of the issue and the price of the magazine; 35 cents. Read MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1463 Words   |  6 Pages Movies, video games, music and television shows come in different genres. However, depending on age in regards to youth not just anyone is allowed to: watch certain movies, buy just any video game, listen to any music or watch any tv show. Sometimes they can see certain movies with a parent or guardian. Seeing violence in excess causes violent acts to take place in society because it gives ideas to viewers or listeners especially those who are young. This the reason there are ratings for mediaRead MoreInternational Food Group : Online Marketing With Functional Website Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Food Group: Online Marketing with Functional Website Today the IT marketing environment of business has changed than few years back. Where there was only one functional website of the company was used in order to generate leads. . Food Group International is one these businesses who benefited from the use of a functional website. This website was like a personal office for the company which was opened 24 hours in 365 days in a year. It was an ideal way to showcase the mission of IFG for end usersRead MoreBig Data: ‘Mined’ My Business? Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagescomplex algorithms to discover subtle patterns, correlations, and relationships among citizens? That may sound pretty far-fetched. You may be astonished to learn just how real this data collection is, and the extent to which the compiled information is being used for business tactics in all parts of the world. â€Å"Big Data† is the unofficial term used to describe predictive analytics: the collecting, storing, and analyzing large volumes of data. The name Big Data began in the recent years due to the constantlyRead MoreMission At Bay Village Honda2181 Words   |  9 Pagesprovide quality vehicles at a competitive cost for customers ranging from members of an everyday family to the adventurous individual. All members of Bay Village Honda strive offer the highest customer service to ensure every customer need is met beyond expectations. B. Goals and Objectives Bay Village Honda is working towards providing multiple services within the first year, including car sales, repair and maintenance, and car rental services. We have set a goal to sell on average 20 vehicles perRead MoreThe Big Data Related Activities1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe world is changing with respect to the growth in big data and to the way in which it is used. Growth in big data brings with it many challenges, but it also presents new opportunities. Figure 1, helps understand some of the big data related activities that are taking place in the world with respect to volume of data that is being consumed by these activities over the next 5 years. Fig. 1: Data is predicted to grow to more than 160,000 terabytes in the next 5 years. Apple was Teradata’s â€Å"fastest

The Ambiguous Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald´s The Great...

Qualities like absolute moral perfection are even less attainable than world peace, and they have no place in quality literature. No one relates to the main character that never lets his emotions get the better of him once in a while. Truly powerful characters require at least some degree of moral ambiguity. Jay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby engages in illegal liquor sales and business with the man who rigged the World Series, which combine with his purest of intentions and virtually universal kindness to create some definitely ambiguous morals. Due to that ambiguity, Gatsby’s character remains imperfect and one whom readers can entirely relate to, while promoting the prominent theme in the novel of the American Dream’s†¦show more content†¦Before Nick could even manage to answer for himself Gatsby jumps in, answering for him â€Å"Oh, no†¦This is just a friend. I told you we’d talk about that some other time† (71). Immediately it becomes clear that Wolfsheim has some prior business connections with Gatsby. On its own, that would be no cause for alarm. Yet in not much time at all Gatsby tells Nick who the mysterious Mr. Wolfsheim is himself, describing him as â€Å"a gambler,† nonchalantly adding that â€Å"he’s the man who fixed the World’s Series back in 1919† (73). Suddenly connections with this man raise a lot of flags, as we have just begun to discover the sort of illegal activities Gatsby’s been engaged in during his pursuit of wealth. This is a man whom most find villainous, taking such a treasured American pastime and thoroughly corrupting it by fixing the results all together. Yet Gatsby defends the gambler, saying â€Å"he just saw the opportunity,† but â€Å"they can’t get him, old sport. He’s a smart man† (73). To most, that kind of defense wouldn’t really matter all too much, wrong is wrong no matter how itâ€⠄¢s spun. Yet the bad guys never think they’re the bad guys after all, and Gatsby sees no problem with what Wolfsheim did. Despite his purest of goals, there were a few who found fault with what Gatsby did in his pursuit of them. Tom probably disliked him more than anyone else, especially after he found out precisely what Gatsby did with Wolfsheim.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Dust Jacket of The Great Gatsby723 Words   |  3 PagesThe Dust Jacket of The Great Gatsby The dust jacket of The Great Gatsby has an extremely complex yet influential relationship to its text as well as its author. Francis Cugat, the artist of the cover, developed the painting through a series of ten sketches[1]. In each sketch he develops a new element of the painting which indicates the level of complexity in the final work. Interestingly, Fitzgerald never mentions the artist’s name in his correspondents with his editor Maxwell Perkins[2]Read MoreEssay on Symbols of The Great Gatsby 1249 Words   |  5 Pageshope afloat. F. Scott Fitzgerald captured this era in his book, The Great Gatsby. Through his many symbols he illustrates the hopes, the forgotten God, and the oppressed Americans of the Twenties. The symbols in The Great Gatsby help convey several different themes, from wealth to loss of morals, to poverty. The green light in The Great Gatsby is an ambiguous symbol. The green light is deceiving at first, tricking the reader into thinking it is merely a symbol of hope. â€Å"Gatsby believed inRead MoreEssay on The Lessons of The Great Gatsby1799 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Great Gatsby† is a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in the 1920’s. The novel is narrated by a young man named Nick Carraway, who moves to West Egg, New York to learn more about the bond business so he can eventually sell bonds. He moves into an average house in between two huge mansions, so in comparison his average house looks like a small, run down shack. One of the owners of those mansions, and Carraway’s new neighbor, is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby has huge extravagant parties every night andRead MoreFitzgerald Explores the Jefferson ´s Ideal of ‘The Pursuit of Happiness’ in The Great Gatsby2090 Words   |  9 Pagesto the ‘pursuit of Happiness.’ This ambiguous phr ase, ‘the pursuit of Happiness’ was originally inserted into the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson and is a clear and overriding concern in The Great Gatsby. In the 1920s, when the novel is set, America was experiencing a newfound level of prosperity; the economy was booming and the possibility of gaining wealth became an achievable reality. As a result, the pursuit of happiness in The Great Gatsby is far from the founding fathers’ initialRead MoreJay Gatsby s American Dream2866 Words   |  12 PagesResearch Paper Draft #3 Jay Gatsby’s American Dream Ever since its publication in April 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby† has become one of the most criticized, cited, and analytical pieces of fiction in American literature history. It is a great representation of an era known as the Jazz Age when anything and everything was possible, or at least that is what people thought. Fitzgerald provides the reader with an insight of the internal mindsets of the characters, which justifiesRead MoreComparing Shakespeare s Midsummer Night s Dream, Pride And Prejudice And The Great Gatsby2712 Words   |  11 PagesPride and Prejudice and The Great Gatsby. The main theme which brings A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Pride and Prejudice and The Great Gatsby together is the idea of how love and marriage is presented. Shakespeare, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Austen all portray love and marriage as being two separate issues, which rarely intertwine. The different contexts in which these texts are written have all had a huge impact on the way in which love and marriage is portrayed. The Great Gatsby was set in the roaringRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald978 Words   |  4 PagesMoral ambiguity is defined as the identification of a person as either purely evil or purely good. The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925, has an innumerable number of examples of moral ambiguity written throughout the story. One character in particular, Daisy Buchanan, has specifically showed moral ambiguity, as she is one of the main characters. Daisy Buchanan is a morally ambiguous character whose ambiguity is significant to the st ory, using examples from Daisy’s actions in the firstRead MoreWomen s Rights : Women And Ladies Merit Uniformity1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe worldwide thought of women s liberation alludes to the conviction that men and ladies merit uniformity in all open doors, treatment, admiration, and social rights. All in all, women s activists are individuals who attempt to recognize social disparity taking into account sexual orientation and prevent it from proceeding. Women s activist; it is a term that has lost its starting significance extra time. The term women s activist has distressingly been given a negative undertone, and numerousRead MoreSuccessful Learning Experiences for Students924 Words   |  4 Pagescompetition into education to help children get accustomed to its frequent appearance later in life, while an opposing theory believes competition is unhealthy and should be more heavily restricted. He states that, â€Å"At school this often results in an ambiguous attitude towards competition, which confuses students, who will then try to compete successfully without making it appear they compete.† These mixed signals must be clarified for students in order to have a productive classroom. Dr. Verhoeff isRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Enduring Love Comparative Essay ‘Obsessive Love Has the Capacity to Drive a Person to Insanity, Leading to Irrational Behaviour, Alienation and Despair’ Compare and Contrast the Ways Mcewan and3060 Words   |  13 PagesThe Great Gatsby amp; Enduring Love ‘Obsessive love has the capacity to drive a person to insanity, leading to irrational behaviour, alienation and despair’ Compare and contrast the ways McEwan and Fitzgerald present the complexities of human love in light of this comment. F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ian McEwanpresent obsessive Idealised love as deranged and harmful.Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’, published in 1925,epitomises the euphoric atmosphere which permeated consumerist attitudes after

The Stages in the New Product Development Process free essay sample

In business, New Product Development (NPD) is the complete process of bringing a new product into the market. The New Product Development process is also referred to as The Stage-Gate innovation process. It was developed by Dr. Robert G. Cooper as a result of his comprehensive research on reasons why products succeed and why they fail. The New Product Development Process is crucial and Companies follow different types of NPD system. New product development process has eight stages. These stages will be discussed briefly below. The first stage of a new product development process begins with an idea of the product. Ideas for new products can be obtained from basic research using a SWOT analysis. Market and consumer trends, companys Research and Development department, competitors, focus groups, employees, sales personnel, corporate spies, trade shows, or ethnographic discovery methods may also be used to get an insight into new product lines or product features. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stages in the New Product Development Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Idea Screening The objective of the screening stage is to eliminate unsound concepts prior to devoting resources to them. This process involves shifting through the ideas generated and selecting the ones which are feasible and workable to develop. Pursing non feasible ideas can clearly be costly for the company. Concept Development and Testing Organization may have come across what they believe to be a feasible idea; however, the idea needs to be taken to a number of prospective customers, what do they think about the idea? Will it be practical and feasible? Will it offer the benefit that the organization hopes it will? Or have they overlooked certain issues? We need to be aware that the idea taken to the target audience is not a working sample, but just a concept. Marketing Strategy and Development How will the product/service idea be launched within the market? A proposed marketing strategy will be written laying out the marketing mix strategy of the product, the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy sales and profits that are expected. Business Analysis The business analysis stage looks more deeply into the Cash flow the product could generate, what the cost will be, how much market shares the product may achieve and the expected life of the product. The company has a great idea, the marketing strategy seems feasible, but will the product be financially worthwhile in the long run? Product Development At this stage the sample is produced. The sample will clearly run through all the desired tests, and presented to a selection of people made up of the target market division to see if changes need to be made. Test Marketing Test marketing means testing the product within a specified area. The product is mostly launched within a particular District so the marketing mix strategy can be monitored and if needed modified before national launch. Commercialization If the test marketing stage has been successful, then the product could go for national launch. There are certain factors that need to be taken into consideration before a product is launched nationally. These include: timing of the launch, how the product will be launched, where it will be launched, whether there will be a national rollout or it will be done region by region? I will conclude that, although the eight stages of product development may seem to be a long process, they are designed to save wasted time and resources.

Communication and Diversity Program

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Diversity Program. Answer: Introduction: The mini-series The Secret River' is an ABC television play based on the novel going by the identical name written by Kate Grenville. However, it is adapted for play by Andrew Bovell and directed by Neil Armfield. The play is divided into two parts and depicts the disturbing basics of how Europeans settled among the Natives of Australia. The drama satirizes how the European settlers invaded, killed and grabbed the land belonging to the Native Australians (Australian Museum, 2015). Further, the drama contrasts the Aboriginals and the British conception of socio-cultural concepts such as farming, clothing, hunting, personal property, relationship to the environment, and the family relationships. The misunderstanding between the two cultures significantly contributes to the conflicts witnessed in the play. The drama also manifests how desperation, ambition, love, and fear can drive a man to commit heinous transgressions against humanity. The scope of the paper is to offer a discussion o n differing worldviews depicted in the drama. Furthermore, the discussion will highlight the communication difficulties as portrayed in the footage as well as discuss how the concept of privilege is acted out in the drama. Andrew Bovell adaptation indicates there were instances in Australian when there was potential for the two cultures to co-exist. The play manifests the cross-cultural affiliation between the Dharug's and the Thornhill's families living at the Hawkesbury River. The concept of "give a little, take a little" as propagated by Blackwood in the film manifests the relationship between the two cultures represented by the two families (Grenville, 2005). Cultural humility as the ability to be open to the cultural uniqueness that is vital to the other person is clearly depicted by Blackwood who has learned Dharug language and some elements of the Dharug traditions and culture. Through his effort to understand the Dharug culture Blackwood learns to respect the Indigenous people. As a result, he ends up marrying an Aboriginal wife who bares him a child a fact that earns him a sense of belonging among the Dharug people. Mrs. Herring is also another symbol of peaceful cultural co-existence which is illustrated by her action of turning a blind eye to belongings that are taken from her (Bovelland Grenville, 2013). In addition, the friendship between Dick Thornhill and Dharug children demonstrate peaceful co-existence and appreciation of the Dharug people way of life. However, despite the cultural humility and co-existence manifested by Mr. Blackwood, Mrs. Herring, and Dick Thornhill there exist different worldviews between the two cultures. Andrew Bovell in his adaptation illustrates a situation of people with differing worldviews especially on the concept of land use and its ownership. To the British land was meant for development and agriculture but the Indigenous people considered the land to have spiritual valuesupon which their lives depended on (Sydney Theatre Company, 2016). British, without making any effort to understand the Indigenous people connection to the land claimed sovereign ownership of the land belonging to the natives. Thornhill following the British understanding of the terra nullius was convinced that the land on the Hawkesbury River belonged to him. On the other hand, Dharug people, represented by Yalamundi believed that the whole country and all that is around the river and the ridges belonged to them (Grenville, 2005). These contrast two worldviews, the private ownership propagated by the western societies and the communal ownership perpetuated by the Indigenous people. To the British land posse ssion, ownership of houses and other material things is normally a means of exhibiting wealth, status, and power. However, for Aboriginals, the communal land symbolises theiridentification and a means of connection with their forefathers since the land has been there since the Dreaming. Hence, the land has a significant spiritual value as opposed to the western understanding of wealth and status (Haseman and O'Toole, 1986). Communication difficulties also constitute a major theme in the play and are a source of tension and fear which result in the conflict in the drama. For example, when the Aborigines assemble for their ceremonial gathering William and his family interprets it as a war cry. Thornhill is from a culture that believes weapons are meant to kill and suppress the enemy.Therefore, he has difficulty in appreciating that for Aboriginals spears are solely intended to offer rhythm in their songs. It is evident in the play that the fear and anger experienced by William's family during the Aborigines ritual ceremony is the principal cause of the violence encountered in the entire play (Daley, 2015). Power, social hierarchy, and privilege are also dominant themes that are evident throughout the drama. The status of being white men was the basis of William and other settlers to look down on the Indigenous people. Their perception shaped the white settlers conduct towards the Aborigines that the native population is inferior and thus should be dominated. This is illustrated by Smasher an alcoholic who coaches his dog to attack the Dharug people. In addition, he enslaves and rapes the native women. In another instance, he acts violently against Braniyamala for no apparent reason an indication that feeling privileged resulted to marginalization. At the onset of Act two William is seen beating up his son Dick for swimming together with the Dharug children. The action demonstrates a feeling of belonging to the higher social class thus should not associate with people of an inferior social status. These acts of marginalization perpetrated by the settlers against the indigenous populatio n eventually led to the atrocious massacre witnessed in the play (Reynolds, 2013). In conclusion, the play depicts cultural ignorance and misunderstanding as the cause of fear and consequent atrocities exhibited in the play. Further, the impacts of failure to embrace diversity and create cultural harmony and understanding are well satirized in the play. The play is, therefore, important in the history of the Australian people since it enhances reconciliation between the Aboriginals and the white settlers (Koval and Grenville, 2005). The play portrays the failure of the Australian white settlers to live cordially among the Indigenous people and thus, a vital source in understanding the Australian history. References Australian Museum. (2015). Indigenous Australians Overview. Available at: Australian Museum.net 2016. PDF. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016] Bovell, A. and Grenville, K. (2013).Teachers Resources: The Secret River. Available at: ACM_Secret River_Teachers Resources 2016.PDF. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016] Daley, P.(2015). The Secret River - Have we moved on? The Guardian Australia. Available at : The guardian.com 2016.PDF. [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016] Haseman, B. and O'Toole, J. (1986). Dramawise. Melbourne: Heinmann. Grenville, K. ( 2005). The Secret River. Sydney: The Text Publishing Company. Koval, R.and Grenville, K. (2005). Interview with Kate Grenville, Author of the Secret River. (Radio Broadcast episode). Books and Writing. Sydney Australia, Radio National. Reynolds, H.(2013). The Forgotten War. Sydney: NewSouth Books. Sydney Theatre Company.(2016). The Secret River Program. Sydney: Playbill.